STP Plant Q&A (STP)
Question: What is STP ?
Answer:
STP stands for Sewage Treatment Plant.
It is a facility that receives wastewater from domestic, commercial, and industrial buildings and removes harmful substances from it.
After treatment, the clean water can be safely discharged into rivers, canals, or reused for purposes like gardening.
The main goal of an STP is to protect the environment and promote water reuse.
Question: What is the full form of ACF & purpose of use ?
Answer:
The full form of ACF is Activated Carbon Filter.
It is used in water treatment plants to remove organic compounds and free chlorine from water.
Activated carbon filters work by adsorbing impurities onto the surface of the carbon media. This process helps improve water quality and protects downstream equipment from damage.
Question: What is the full form of MGF & purpose of use ?
Answer:
The full form of MGF is Multi Grade Filter.
Multi Grade Filters are used in water and wastewater treatment to remove suspended solids, dust, and dirt from water. They contain multiple layers of different filter media to enhance the filtration process.
This helps improve water clarity and protects downstream equipment from clogging and damage.
Question: What is water treatment plant ?
Answer:
A Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is a facility designed to purify water by removing contaminants, impurities, and harmful substances to make it suitable for specific uses- such as drinking, industrial processes, or safe discharge into the environment.
Water treatment plants play a crucial role in ensuring public health and environmental protection.
Question: What is the use of softener ?
Answer:
A softener is a device used for water softening, which removes hardness-causing ions from water.
It mainly eliminates calcium and magnesium ions that make water hard. This process helps prevent scale buildup in pipes, boilers, and appliances.
Using a softener improves water quality and extends the lifespan of plumbing systems.
Question: Function of filter feed pump ?
Answer:
The function of a filter feed pump is to supply water to the filters in a treatment plant.
It ensures a steady and controlled flow of water to the filtration units for effective operation. Maintaining proper pressure and flow is essential for optimal filter performance.
A reliable filter feed pump helps achieve consistent water quality during the treatment process.
Question: What is the treatment cycle in STP ?
Answer:
The treatment cycle in an STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) involves several key stages.
It typically includes the screen bar chamber, oil & grease (O&G) chamber, equalization tank, MBBR tank, tube settler tank, clear water tank, filters, and treated water tank.
Each stage is designed to remove specific contaminants and improve the quality of wastewater.
This systematic process ensures that the treated water is safe for discharge or reuse, such as for gardening.
Question: Source of water to the building ?
Answer:
The main source of water to a building is typically the wastewater generated within the building itself.
This wastewater comes from various activities such as bathing, washing, cleaning, and other domestic uses.
It is collected through a network of drainage pipes and directed to the sewage treatment plant (STP) for processing.
Proper management of this wastewater is essential for environmental protection and water reuse.
Question: What is the purpose of backwash the filter ?
Answer:
The purpose of backwashing a filter is to remove trapped debris, contaminants, and accumulated particles from the filter media.
During normal operation, filters collect dirt and impurities from water or other fluids. Over time, this buildup reduces the filter's efficiency and flow rate.
Backwashing reverses the flow of fluid through the filter, flushing out the collected debris and restoring the filter's performance.
Question: What is COD ?
Answer:
COD stands for Chemical Oxygen Demand. It is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic and inorganic matter in water.
COD is used to assess the level of pollution in wastewater and surface water. A lower COD value indicates cleaner water.
Typical acceptable range for treated wastewater is below 250 mg/L, depending on local environmental regulations.
Question: What is BOD ?
Answer:
BOD stands for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (also called Biological Oxygen Demand).
It measures the amount of oxygen required by microorganisms to break down organic matter in water over a specific period, usually 5 days at 20°C.
BOD is an important indicator of water quality and pollution levels. For treated wastewater, the acceptable BOD range is typically around 30 mg/L or lower, depending on environmental standards and discharge regulations.
Question: What is TDS ?
Answer:
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) refers to the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances dissolved in water, including minerals, salts, and metals.
It is an important parameter for assessing water quality, especially in drinking water and industrial applications. High TDS levels can affect the taste, hardness, and safety of water.
For general water use, the acceptable TDS range is typically below 2100 mg/L, but for drinking water, the recommended limit is usually below 500 mg/L, depending on local standards.