What is the Difference Between Voltage, Current, and Power?

(Voltage, Current और Power में क्या अंतर होता है?)

In any electrical system, three basic terms are most commonly used: Voltage, Current, and Power. These are the foundation of all electrical concepts. Without understanding these three, it is impossible to grasp how electricity works in circuits, machines, or devices. Let’s understand them one by one in simple language.

Hindi- किसी भी electrical system में तीन शब्द सबसे ज्यादा इस्तेमाल होते हैं: Voltage, Current, और Power। ये सभी electrical knowledge की बुनियाद हैं। इनके बिना किसी भी electrical circuit, machine या device को समझना मुश्किल है। आइए इन्हें आसान भाषा में एक-एक करके समझते हैं।

1. Voltage (V):

Voltage is the electrical pressure or potential difference that pushes electrons through a conductor. It is the force that causes current to flow in a circuit. Without voltage, there is no movement of electrons, and hence, no current.

Hindi- Voltage वह force या pressure होता है जो electrons को किसी conductor के माध्यम से बहने के लिए मजबूर करता है। इसे हम electrical pressure या potential difference भी कहते हैं। Voltage के बिना current flow नहीं हो सकता।

Unit: Volt (V)

Symbol: V

Measured by: Voltmeter

Example: A battery has 12V voltage – it means it can push current with a pressure of 12 volts.

Important Note: Higher voltage means more potential to push current, but it doesn’t mean more current will always flow. Current depends on both voltage and resistance.

2. Current (I):

Current is the flow of electrons in a circuit. It tells us how many electrons are moving through the wire per second. It is like the quantity of electricity flowing through a conductor.

(Current का मतलब है electrons का flow या बहाव। यह दर्शाता है कि किसी wire से प्रति सेकंड कितने electrons गुजर रहे हैं।)

Unit: Ampere (A)

Symbol: I

Measured by: Ammeter

Example: If 2A current is flowing, it means a specific quantity of electrons is passing through the conductor every second.

3. Power (P):

Power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or produced. It tells us how fast a device is using or generating electricity. It is calculated using the formula:

Power (P) = Voltage (V) × Current (I)

(Power यह दर्शाता है कि कोई device कितनी तेजी से electrical energy का use या generate कर रहा है।)

Unit: Watt (W)

Symbol: P

Measured by: Wattmeter

Example: If an electric iron uses 230V and 5A, then: Power = 230 × 5 = 1150W

Analogy to Understand Better (Water Flow Example):

To understand Voltage, Current, and Power more easily, let’s compare them with water flowing through a pipe:

Concept Water Analogy Electrical

Voltage -Water pressure- Electrical pressure

Current- Water flow- Electron flow

Power- Amount of water delivered- Energy consumed/delivered

जैसे पाइप में पानी का दबाव – Voltage,

पानी का बहाव – Current,

और कुल पानी की मात्रा – Power

✅ Conclusion (निष्कर्ष):

Voltage is the force that pushes electrons.

Current is the flow of electrons.

Power is the result of both – it tells us how much energy is used.

Understanding these three concepts is essential for anyone working in or learning about electrical systems. Whether you're dealing with household wiring, industrial machines, or electronics, these fundamentals remain the same. (इन तीनों concepts को समझना किसी भी electrical field में काम करने या सीखने वाले के लिए जरूरी है। चाहे आप घर की wiring करें या किसी industry की machine से जुड़ें, ये मूल बातें हमेशा लागू होती हैं।)

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